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Bed evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the South Passage of the Yangtze Estuary (1998–2023)
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摘要:
南槽作为长江口的入海汊道之一，其河床演变动态受到广泛关注。基于长江口南槽1998年以来长序列水下地形、水沙观测数据和大型涉水工程实施情况，分析南槽近期河床冲淤变化过程，从流域减沙和工程建设两方面探讨河床演变特征及影响过程。结果表明：近25年，南槽河床演变总体呈现“缓慢冲刷-趋于平衡-加速冲刷”的三阶段变化特征，其中第一阶段的“缓慢冲刷”主要受工程建设影响，流域减沙则是第三阶段“加速冲刷”的主要因素之一。未来，在稳定河床边界和较低含沙量条件下，南槽短期内仍将延续冲刷态势，直至趋于新的平衡。
Abstract:As a inlet of the Yangtze Estuary, the bed evolution dynamics of the South Passage have attracted widespread attention. Based on long-term underwater topographic and sediment data, along with large-scale water-related engineering implementation since 1998, this study analyzes the recent bed erosion and deposition processes of the South Passage. The characteristics and influencing processes of bed evolution are discussed from two aspects: watershed sediment reduction and engineering construction. The results indicate that over the past 25 years, the bed evolution of the South Passage has shown a three-stage change pattern: "slow erosion–approaching equilibrium–accelerated erosion." The first stage of "slow erosion" was primarily influenced by engineering construction, while watershed sediment reduction is one of the main factors driving the "accelerated erosion" in the third stage. In the future, under conditions of a stabilized riverbed boundary and lower sediment concentration, the South Passage is likely to continue the erosion trend in the short term until a new equilibrium is reached.
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Keywords:
- South Passage /
- bed evolution /
- sediment dynamics /
- water-related engineering
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图 2 1998—2023年南槽冲淤变化
Figure 2. Erosion and deposition changes in the South Passage (1998–2023)
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图 3 南槽0 m、5 m河槽容积变化
Figure 3. Changes in the channel volume at 0 m and 5 m depths of the South Passage
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图 4 南槽3阶段年均冲淤变化
Figure 4. Annual erosion and deposition changes in the South Passage’s three stages
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图 8 九段沙0 m、5 m等深线包络面积
Figure 8. Area envelopes of the 0 m and 5 m isobaths of Jiuduan sand
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图 10 大通站年输沙量和年径流量变化
Figure 10. Annual sediment transport and runoff volume changes at Datong station
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图 11 南支、南港、南槽5 m河槽容积相对1998年变幅
Figure 11. Changes in the relative channel volume at 5 m depth for the South Branch, South Channel, and South Passage compared to 1998
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图 12 固定站点含沙量变化
Figure 12. Changes in sediment concentration at fixed sampling stations
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图 13 南、北槽落潮分流比变化
Figure 13. Changes in the tidal diverting ratio between the South and North Passages
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图 14 深水航道治理工程不同阶段年均冲淤分布
Figure 14. Distribution of annual erosion and deposition in different phases of deepwater navigation channel improvement
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图 15 机场外侧、南汇东滩圈围促淤工程实施前后冲淤分布
Figure 15. Erosion and deposition distribution before and after the implementation of the enclosure sedimentation project at Nanhui Dongtan and outside the airport
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