Abstract: Babao Lock is the first dual-line 1,000-ton-class ship lock newly constructed in a strong tidal river section in China and the second water transportation hub connecting the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Qiantang River, following Sanbao Lock. Prototype observations under conditions of no water, still water, and constant water levels were conducted to investigate the valve operation characteristics and the hydraulic characteristics of the filling system, providing a basis for ensuring safe and efficient lock operation. Observations indicate that the lock valves operate stably, with opening and closing forces meeting design requirements. The energy dissipation layout of the short culvert centralized filling system is effective, chamber water level variations are smooth, and flow patterns at the inlet and outlet are favorable. The lock demonstrates safe operation and efficient navigation performance.