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Scouring study of pile foundation perforated breakwater under regular wave action
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摘要:
基于FLOW-3D软件，开展了3组波高、3组波周期、5种挡板形式条件下的冲刷模拟试验，分析了不同工况下防波堤结构流场变化、海床冲刷地形变化。研究结果表明：在规则波作用下，波高变化对防波堤结构流场变化及海床冲刷地形变化影响程度较小。波周期则与防波堤结构周围的泥沙冲刷效率呈正相关，且影响程度较大。不同的波周期会导致挡板开孔方式对海床冲刷地形的变化呈现不同的规律，当波周期为1.5 s时，随着挡浪板开孔率的增加、挡板下部面积的增大，冲刷坑面积及体积逐渐减小，且呈线性分布；当波周期为2.0、2.5 s时，冲刷面积及体积呈二次曲线分布。
Abstract:Based on the FLOW-3D software, scour simulation experiments were conducted under the conditions of 3 sets of wave heights, 3 sets of wave periods, and 5 types of baffle forms. The study analyzed the changes in the flow field around the breakwater structure and the changes in seabed scouring topography under different working conditions. The results indicate that under the action of regular waves, the variation in wave height has a minor impact on the changes in the flow field around the breakwater structure and the changes in seabed scouring topography. In contrast, the wave period is positively correlated with the efficiency of sediment scour around the breakwater structure, having a more significant impact. Different wave periods lead to different patterns in the changes in seabed scouring topography due to the way the baffles are opened. When the wave period is 1.5 s, with the increase of the baffle open rate and the enlargement of the area at the bottom of the baffle, the area and volume of the scour pit gradually decrease, displaying a linear distribution; when the wave period is 2.0 and 2.5 s, the area and volume of scouring show a quadratic curve distribution.
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图 9 波高不同时冲淤地形平面
Figure 9. Planform of sedimentation and erosion terrain at different wave heights
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图 12 波周期不同时冲淤地形平面
Figure 12. Planform of sedimentation and erosion terrain at different wave periods
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图 15 挡板开孔方式不同时冲淤地形平面
Figure 15. Planform of sedimentation and erosion terrain with different baffle opening methods
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图 16 各工况相对最大冲刷深度历程曲线
Figure 16. Evolution curves of maximum scour depth under various conditions
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图 17 各工况 I–I’剖面冲刷剖面曲线
Figure 17. Scour profile curves along section I–I’ for various conditions
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图 18 挡板开孔率不同时冲刷坑面积变化
Figure 18. Changes in scour pit area with different baffle open rates
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图 19 挡板开孔率不同时冲刷坑体积变化
Figure 19. Changes in scour pit volume with different baffle open rates
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图 20 挡板下部开孔面积不同时冲刷坑面积变化
Figure 20. Changes in scour pit area with different lower baffle opening areas
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图 21 挡板下部开孔面积不同时冲刷坑体积变化
Figure 21. Changes in scour pit volume with different lower baffle opening areas
表 1 物理模型试验与数值模拟结果验证
Table 1 Validation of physical model experiment and numerical simulation results
工况组别 验证信息 物理模型结果 数值模型结果 误差/% 工况组别 验证信息 物理模型结果 数值模型结果 误差/% 工况1 Um 0.21 0.22 5.8 工况2 Um 0.31 0.32 4.5 Z/D 0.20 0.19 4.4 Z/D 0.35 0.33 5.4 注：Um为近底层未受扰动的水质点最大水平速度（m/s）；Z/D为平衡冲刷深度与桩径的比值。 
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表 2 波浪作用下数值模拟试验工况
Table 2 Working conditions of numerical simulation experiments under wave action
工况编号 波高/m 波周期/s 挡浪板形式 fKC 工况编号 波高/m 波周期/s 挡浪板形式 fKC D1 0.10 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为30% 1.38 F4 0.10 2.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(30%+10%) 4.33 D2 0.10 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(10%+30%) 1.53 F5 0.10 2.5 挡浪板开孔率为10% 4.97 D3 0.10 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20% 2.06 G1 0.12 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为30% 1.76 D4 0.10 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(30%+10%) 2.88 G2 0.12 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(10%+30%) 1.91 D5 0.10 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为10% 2.12 G3 0.12 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20% 2.22 E1 0.10 2.0 挡浪板开孔率为30% 1.68 G4 0.12 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(30%+10%) 2.94 E2 0.10 2.0 挡浪板开孔率为20%(10%+30%) 2.92 G5 0.12 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为10% 2.79 E3 0.10 2.0 挡浪板开孔率为20% 1.8 H1 0.14 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为30% 0.97 E4 0.10 2.0 挡浪板开孔率为20%(30%+10%) 4.68 H2 0.14 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(10%+30%) 1.03 E5 0.10 2.0 挡浪板开孔率为10% 4.81 H3 0.14 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20% 0.78 F1 0.10 2.5 挡浪板开孔率为30% 3.53 H4 0.14 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(30%+10%) 1.06 F2 0.10 2.5 挡浪板开孔率为20%(10%+30%) 3.46 H5 0.14 1.5 挡浪板开孔率为10% 1.18 F3 0.10 2.5 挡浪板开孔率为20% 5.05 注：无量纲参数fKC（Keulegan-Carpenter数）是影响局部参数的综合因子，$ f_{\mathrm{KC}}={{U}_{\mathrm{m}}{T}}/{{D}} $。
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